Curly Haired Dogs — Tips

Introduction to Curly Haired Breeds

Curly haired dog breeds have captured the hearts of dog lovers everywhere, thanks to their eye-catching curly coats and charming personalities. These breeds stand out in the canine world, not just for their looks but also for their unique grooming needs and often playful, intelligent temperaments. From the elegant poodle to the hardworking curly coated retriever and the spirited Irish water spaniel, curly haired dogs come in a variety of shapes, sizes, and coat textures.

What unites these breeds is their signature curly locks, which can range from soft waves to tight ringlets. These curls aren’t just for show—they often serve a practical purpose, such as providing water resistance or protecting the skin from harsh weather. With the right dog grooming routine, curly haired dogs can maintain their beautiful coats and stay healthy and comfortable. Whether you’re drawn to their hypoallergenic qualities or simply love their distinctive appearance, there’s a curly haired dog breed to suit every lifestyle. In this guide, we’ll introduce you to the most popular and unique curly haired breeds, and share tips on how to keep those curls looking their best.

The KRT71 gene mutation is responsible for creating curly coats in dogs, originally developed for functional purposes like water resistance

Popular curly breeds include Poodles, Portuguese Water Dogs, Bichon Frises, and Curly-Coated Retrievers

Some breeds have a curly double coat, which provides water resistance and requires specific grooming routines

Regular grooming every 6-8 weeks and consistent brushing 2-3 times weekly prevents matting and maintains coat health

Curly coats require specialized care - some breeds should never be brushed (Spanish Water Dog) while others need daily maintenance

From the bouncing ringlets of a Bichon Frise to the tight corkscrew curls of a Curly-Coated Retriever, curly haired dogs capture hearts with their distinctive, touchable coats. These stunning curls aren’t just beautiful—they’re the result of fascinating genetics and centuries of purposeful breeding for specific working roles.

Whether you’re drawn to these breeds for their hypoallergenic qualities, their striking appearance, or their often exceptional intelligence, understanding what makes their coats unique will help you provide the best care. Let’s explore the science behind those gorgeous curls and meet over 20 remarkable curly haired dog breeds that might just steal your heart.

Characteristics of Curly Haired Dogs

Curly haired dogs are instantly recognizable by their unique coat type, which can range from loose, bouncy waves to tight, springy curls. This curly coat often means these breeds shed less than their straight-haired counterparts, making them a popular choice for allergy sufferers. However, the same curly fur that helps trap loose hair and dander also requires regular grooming to prevent matting and tangling.

A professional groomer can be invaluable in maintaining the health and appearance of a curly coated dog breed, especially for those with dense or double coats like the Portuguese water dog, Spanish water dog, and Kerry blue terrier. These breeds typically have tight curls that need consistent care—regular grooming sessions, including brushing and trimming, are essential to keep the coat type in top condition and to prevent matting close to the skin. While curly haired dogs are often low shedding, their fur can easily form mats if neglected, so a routine of brushing, bathing, and professional trims is key to keeping their curls healthy and beautiful. With the right care, these breeds reward their owners with stunning coats and lively personalities.

Why Do Some Dogs Have Curly Hair?

The secret behind every curly coat lies in a fascinating genetic mutation. The KRT71 gene, which produces keratin proteins, determines whether a dog’s hair grows straight or forms those characteristic curls. When this gene carries a specific variant, it creates twisted, curled hair shafts that give these breeds their signature look.

This genetic quirk wasn’t just a happy accident—it served crucial functional purposes. Curly coats provide exceptional water resistance, making them perfect for breeds originally developed for water retrieval and fishing work. The tight curls create air pockets that insulate against cold water, while the dense texture protects the skin from harsh weather and thick brush. Additionally, the curly coat helps protect the dog from environmental elements and potential hazards, acting as a natural barrier.

Two additional genes, RSPO2 and FGF5, work alongside KRT71 to create the incredible variety we see in curly coated dog breeds. These genes control hair length, growth patterns, and features like the distinctive “furnishings” (beards and eyebrows) that many curly breeds sport.

The practical benefits extend beyond water work. Curly fur tends to trap shed hair and dander, which is why many dog lovers with allergies find these breeds more tolerable. However, it’s important to note that no dog breed is truly 100% hypoallergenic—individual sensitivity varies considerably.

Popular Large Curly-Haired Dog Breeds

Large curly haired breeds often combine impressive size with gentle temperaments, making them excellent family companions. These dogs typically require more space and exercise but reward owners with loyal, intelligent personalities.

Standard Poodle

Standing 15+ inches tall and weighing 45-70 pounds, the Standard Poodle represents the quintessential curly haired dog. Originally bred in Germany and France for water retrieval, these elegant dogs sport dense, curly coats that come in solid colors including black, white, brown, and apricot.

The poodle’s coat requires professional grooming every 6-8 weeks to maintain its shape and prevent matting. Popular clips include the classic lion clip, where the face, feet, and tail base are shaved while leaving pompoms of hair, and the more practical retriever clip for active dogs. Regular brushing 2-3 times weekly prevents tangles, and their low-shedding coat makes them a favorite among allergy sufferers.

Standard Poodles are highly intelligent and trainable, excelling in obedience, agility, and service work. They need substantial mental stimulation and daily exercise to stay happy and healthy.

Curly-Coated Retriever

As the oldest retriever breed, the Curly-Coated Retriever showcases some of the tightest curls in the dog world. These athletic dogs stand 23-27 inches tall and weigh 50-90 pounds, with distinctive black or liver-colored coats covered in small, tight curls from head to tail.

Unlike other curly breeds, the Curly-Coated Retriever should never be brushed, as this destroys the natural curl pattern and creates frizz. Instead, use a rake with metal prongs designed to remove dead hair and maintain the curly coat. After baths, let the coat air dry naturally to preserve those perfect ringlets.

These water-resistant dogs excel at swimming and were bred for retrieving waterfowl in harsh conditions. They’re independent thinkers with strong hunting instincts, making them ideal for active families who enjoy outdoor adventures. The breed’s coat naturally sheds twice yearly, with females typically shedding more than males.

Portuguese Water Dog

Portuguese Water Dogs worked alongside fishermen for centuries, earning their keep by retrieving nets and catching fish. These medium-to-large dogs measure 17-23 inches and weigh 35-60 pounds, with webbed feet perfect for swimming.

Their thick, curly coat requires daily brushing to prevent mats and monthly professional trimming. Owners can choose between the traditional lion clip (shaved hindquarters and muzzle) or the more practical retriever clip. The coat is completely water resistant and comes in black, white, brown, or combinations of these colors. Like a poodle's coat, the Portuguese Water Dog's coat is dense and curly, demanding regular brushing and trimming to maintain its appearance and functionality, especially given the breed's history as a water retriever.

These dogs are energetic and intelligent, requiring substantial exercise and mental challenges. They bond closely with their families and make excellent watchdogs, though they’re generally friendly with strangers once properly introduced.

Bouvier des Flandres

Originally bred for herding cattle in Belgium, the Bouvier des Flandres is a powerful working dog standing 23.5-27.5 inches tall and weighing 70-100 pounds. Their thick, shaggy double coat has a tousled, wavy appearance that can become quite curly with proper care.

The breed's coat requires frequent brushing—at least three times weekly—to prevent matting of the dense undercoat. Professional grooming every 6-8 weeks helps maintain the coat’s health and appearance. The coarse outer coat protects against weather, while the soft undercoat provides insulation.

Bouviers are calm, even-tempered dogs with strong protective instincts. They excel as family guardians and need confident, consistent training from an early age. Despite their size, they’re gentle with children and make devoted family companions.

Medium-Sized Curly-Haired Breeds

Medium-sized curly breeds offer the perfect balance of manageable size and distinctive personality. Many of these breeds have medium length coats, which influence their grooming needs and appearance. These dogs often adapt well to various living situations while maintaining the grooming needs characteristic of curly coats.

Irish Water Spaniel

The tallest of all spaniel breeds, Irish Water Spaniels measure 21-24 inches and weigh 45-68 pounds. Their distinctive appearance features tight ringlets covering the body, a smooth “rat tail,” and a topknot of loose curls on the head.

Historically, the Irish Water Spaniel was bred for bird and waterfowl hunting, showcasing natural instincts and skills that make them highly effective in retrieving birds from water.

This breed’s coat is naturally water-resistant and requires brushing every few weeks rather than daily maintenance. However, professional trimming every two months keeps the coat looking neat and prevents matting in problem areas. The tight curls rarely shed, making them suitable for people with mild allergies.

Irish Water Spaniels are playful, intelligent dogs with a clownish personality that endears them to families. They excel at water work and need regular swimming opportunities to stay physically and mentally satisfied. Their webbed feet and powerful build make them excellent swimmers.

Lagotto Romagnolo

This Italian breed, originally developed for truffle hunting, stands 16-19 inches tall and weighs 24-35 pounds. The Lagotto’s dense, woolly coat forms tight curls that provide excellent water resistance—a necessity for their original work in the marshlands of Romagna.

Regular brushing prevents mats, though many owners opt for shorter, more manageable cuts. The coat continues growing throughout the dog’s life and requires professional trimming every 6-8 weeks. Colors range from solid white to various shades of brown, orange, and roan patterns.

Lagotto Romagnolos are the only dogs still bred specifically for truffle hunting, possessing an incredible sense of smell. They’re gentle, affectionate family dogs that adapt well to apartment living with adequate exercise and mental stimulation.

Barbet

The French Barbet, standing 19-24.5 inches and weighing 35-65 pounds, sports a thick, wooly, medium length coat with a distinctive beard that gives the breed its name. This medium-length coat, which can be wavy or curly, is characteristic of the breed and contributes to its distinctive appearance and specific grooming needs. These water dogs were bred for retrieving waterfowl and have webbed feet for efficient swimming.

The breed’s coat requires brushing several times weekly and professional trims every 6-8 weeks. The dense, curly fur mats easily if neglected, particularly around the ears and legs where moisture can get trapped. Regular coat maintenance keeps these dogs comfortable and healthy.

Barbets are joyful, calm dogs that make excellent family companions. They’re highly trainable and eager to please, though they need regular exercise and enjoy water activities. Their patient temperament makes them wonderful with children.

Kerry Blue Terrier

Ireland’s national dog, the Kerry Blue Terrier, stands 17-19 inches tall and weighs 30-40 pounds. Born black, their distinctive blue-gray wavy coat develops over the first 18 months of life. The soft, dense coat grows continuously and requires regular grooming.

Monthly professional grooming maintains the breed’s distinctive silhouette, while brushing every other day prevents matting. The coat’s texture is unique among terriers—soft and wavy rather than wiry. Minimal shedding makes them suitable for allergy sufferers.

Kerry Blues are spirited, intelligent dogs with typical terrier attitude. They can be somewhat dog-aggressive and need early socialization. With proper training, they’re loyal family dogs that excel in various dog sports.

Small and Toy Curly-Haired Dog Breeds

Small curly haired breeds pack big personalities into compact packages. These dogs often make excellent apartment companions while still requiring the specialized grooming care that curly coats demand.

Bichon Frise

The Bichon Frise, measuring 9-12 inches and weighing 7-12 pounds, literally means “curly-haired dog” in French. Their cotton ball-like white coat creates a powder-puff appearance that’s both adorable and practical.

These small dogs require brushing several times weekly and monthly professional haircuts to maintain their signature look. The double coat consists of a soft, dense undercoat and coarser outer coat that curls naturally. Without regular grooming, the coat mats quickly and can cause skin problems.

Bichons are cheerful, playful companions that adapt well to various living situations. They’re generally good with children and other pets, though they can be somewhat vocal. Their small size makes them suitable for apartment living, but they still need daily exercise and mental stimulation.

Toy and Miniature Poodles

Toy Poodles (under 10 inches) and Miniature Poodles (10-15 inches) share the same grooming needs and coat characteristics as their larger Standard cousins, just in smaller packages. Their dense, curly coats come in the same range of solid colors and require the same professional care.

These smaller poodles need grooming every 6-8 weeks and regular brushing to prevent matting. Their size makes grooming quicker and less expensive than Standard Poodles, but the coat care requirements remain identical. The hypoallergenic qualities that make Standard Poodles popular apply equally to their smaller relatives.

Both sizes are intelligent, trainable dogs that excel in obedience and agility. Toy Poodles can be more fragile and may not be suitable for households with very young children, while Miniature Poodles offer more durability in a still-compact size.

Havanese

Cuba’s national dog, the Havanese, stands 8.5-11.5 inches tall and weighs 7-13 pounds. Their silky double coat can be wavy to curly, coming in various colors and patterns. The coat grows continuously and can reach the ground if left uncut.

Weekly brushing prevents mats, though many owners opt for shorter puppy cuts for easier maintenance. Monthly professional haircuts keep the coat manageable while preserving the breed’s charming appearance. The coat’s texture is softer than many curly breeds, requiring gentle handling.

Havanese are companionable, intelligent dogs that form strong bonds with their families. They’re generally good with children and other pets, though they can develop separation anxiety if left alone frequently. Their small size and moderate exercise needs make them excellent apartment dogs.

Bolognese

This Italian toy breed measures 10-12 inches and weighs 5.5-9 pounds, sporting a cotton-like curly white coat. The Bolognese’s coat is purely decorative—these dogs were bred solely as companions for Italian nobility.

Daily brushing prevents the fine coat from matting and developing odors. Many owners choose shorter puppy cuts for easier maintenance, though the full coat is spectacular when properly maintained. Professional grooming every 6-8 weeks keeps the coat healthy and attractive.

Bolognese dogs are calm, devoted companions that prefer to stay close to their owners. They’re less energetic than many toy breeds, making them suitable for older adults or those seeking a quieter companion. Early socialization prevents shyness with strangers.

Puli

The Hungarian Puli, standing 16-17 inches and weighing 25-35 pounds, is instantly recognizable by its naturally corded coat. The cords begin forming around 9 months of age as the soft undercoat tangles with the coarser outer coat.

Caring for a corded Puli requires special techniques. Never brush or comb the coat once cords form. Instead, separate the cords by hand and squeeze—never rub—when you wash the coat. Drying can take up to two days, and the cords must be kept clean to prevent odors and skin problems.

Pulis are intelligent, agile herding dogs with strong protective instincts. They’re devoted to their families but can be wary of strangers. Their athletic ability makes them excellent at agility and other dog sports, though their coat care requirements are substantial.

Komondor

The largest of the corded breeds, Komondors stand 26-28 inches and weigh 80+ pounds. These Hungarian livestock guardians develop massive white cords that can reach the ground, creating a mop-like appearance that helped them blend with sheep flocks.

Komondor coat care is extremely time-intensive. The cords form naturally but require hand-separation to prevent massive mats. Washing involves soaking, squeezing, and air-drying that can take days. Many owners opt for shorter cords for easier maintenance.

These dogs are independent, calm guardians bred to work without human direction. They’re gentle with their charges but formidable protectors against threats. Komondors need experienced owners who understand their working nature and can provide appropriate socialization.

Spanish Water Dog

Standing 15.75-19.75 inches and weighing 31-49 pounds, Spanish Water Dogs have naturally curly coats that form cords if left uncut. These versatile working dogs served as herders, hunters, and fishermen’s assistants along Spain’s coast.

The breed’s coat is typically clipped annually, never brushed or blow-dried. The curly coat can be maintained short for easier care or allowed to cord naturally. When cording, the same hand-separation techniques used for Pulis apply.

Spanish Water Dogs are intelligent, versatile workers that excel at various tasks. They’re loyal family dogs but need substantial exercise and mental stimulation. Their working heritage means they need a job to do, whether formal training or interactive play.

Other Notable Curly-Haired Breeds

Bedlington Terrier

The Bedlington Terrier is a standout among curly haired dog breeds, known for its playful spirit and distinctive appearance. This dog breed sports a soft, lamb-like curly coat and a unique domed skull, giving it an unmistakable silhouette. One of the breed’s signature features is the topknot—a patch of fur on the head that adds to its charming look. To keep the Bedlington Terrier’s curly coat in top shape, weekly brushing with a pin brush and comb is essential. This routine helps prevent mats and tangles, ensuring the coat stays healthy and comfortable. The Bedlington Terrier’s fur is unlike that of any other curly haired dog, making it a favorite for those seeking a breed with both personality and style.

American Water Spaniel

The American Water Spaniel is a versatile and athletic curly haired dog breed, proudly recognized as Wisconsin’s state dog. Known for its obedience, trainability, and love of water, this breed excels as both a hunter and a family companion. The American Water Spaniel’s thick double coat is covered in rich brown curls, offering protection in all weather conditions. While this breed is low shedding, regular brushing two to three times a week is important to remove dead hair and prevent matting in the curly coat. This not only keeps the coat looking its best but also supports the dog’s overall health. Active owners who enjoy outdoor adventures will find the American Water Spaniel to be a loyal and energetic partner, always ready for a swim or a hike.

Grooming and Care for Curly-Haired Dogs

Proper grooming forms the foundation of curly coat health. Understanding the unique needs of these coats prevents problems and keeps dogs comfortable year-round.

Daily and Weekly Care

Most curly coated dog breeds require brushing 2-3 times weekly minimum, with some needing daily attention. Use a slicker brush for the top coat and a wide-toothed comb to check for mats near the skin. Pay special attention to areas where mats form quickly: behind the ears, under the collar, armpits, and leg feathering.

Start grooming sessions slowly, especially with young dogs. Make the experience positive with treats and praise. Check for mats by running your fingers through the coat—if you feel resistance, work gently with the comb to separate the hair before it becomes a solid mat.

Regular nail trimming every 2-3 weeks prevents overgrowth that can affect gait and comfort. Clean ears weekly, especially in breeds with heavy ear feathering where moisture can become trapped. Many curly breeds are prone to ear infections due to their coat density.

Bathing and Professional Grooming

Bathe curly haired dogs every 4-6 weeks using moisturizing shampoos designed for dry or curly coats. Avoid products that strip natural oils, as curly coats tend to be drier than straight coats. Always brush thoroughly before bathing—wet mats become nearly impossible to remove.

After bathing, squeeze water from the coat rather than rubbing with towels, which can create frizz. Many curly breeds benefit from air drying or using diffuser attachments on blow dryers. Some breeds, like the Curly-Coated Retriever, should always air dry to preserve their natural curl pattern.

Professional grooming every 6-8 weeks maintains coat health and prevents matting. A skilled professional groomer understands breed-specific cuts and can advise on maintenance between appointments. Establish a relationship with a groomer experienced in curly coats—their expertise proves invaluable.

Prevent matting by maintaining consistent grooming schedules. Once mats form, they tighten with movement and moisture, potentially requiring shaving to remove. Prevention through regular brushing is always easier than correction.

Are Curly-Haired Dogs Hypoallergenic?

While often marketed as hypoallergenic, no dog breed is truly 100% allergy-free. However, many curly haired breeds do produce fewer airborne allergens than their straight-coated counterparts.

The key lies in how curly coats handle shed hair and dander. Instead of falling to the floor and becoming airborne, shed hair gets trapped in the curls along with dander—the primary allergen source. Regular grooming removes this trapped material before it can spread throughout the home.

Individual dogs vary significantly in allergen production, even within the same breed. Some allergy sufferers find certain curly breeds tolerable while others react to the same dogs. The best approach involves spending time with specific dogs before committing to ownership.

Professional grooming and frequent brushing maximize the hypoallergenic benefits by removing allergens before they accumulate. However, people with severe allergies should consult with allergists before choosing any dog, regardless of coat type.

Consider exercise needs carefully. High-energy breeds like Portuguese Water Dogs and Standard Poodles need substantial daily activity, while smaller breeds like Bolognese dogs require less intensive exercise. Working breeds often need mental challenges beyond physical exercise.

Grooming represents a significant ongoing commitment with curly breeds. Professional grooming costs range from moderate for small breeds to substantial for large dogs requiring specialized cuts. Factor these costs into your budget along with quality grooming tools for home maintenance.

Size considerations extend beyond living space. Large curly breeds eat more, cost more to groom, and may require professional training due to their strength and intelligence. Small breeds might be more fragile and require different handling approaches.

Temperament matching proves crucial for long-term success. Independent breeds like Kerry Blue Terriers need confident handling, while gentle breeds like Havanese adapt to various family dynamics. Research breed-specific traits thoroughly before deciding.

Living with a curly haired dog brings unique joys and responsibilities. These remarkable breeds offer devoted companionship, often hypoallergenic benefits, and striking beauty that turns heads wherever you go. However, their specialized grooming needs require commitment and understanding.

Whether you’re drawn to the elegant athleticism of a Portuguese Water Dog, the playful charm of a Bichon Frise, or the distinctive cords of a Puli, success comes from matching breed characteristics with your lifestyle and honestly assessing your grooming commitment.

Take time to research specific breeds thoroughly, meet dogs in person when possible, and connect with reputable breeders who health test their breeding stock. Consider visiting dog shows or breed-specific events to see various curly breeds and speak with experienced owners.

The right curly haired dog will reward your care with years of devoted companionship, but only if you’re prepared to meet their unique needs. Choose wisely, commit fully to their care, and prepare to fall in love with those irresistible curls.

FAQ

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Do curly-haired dogs require more grooming than other breeds?

Yes, curly-haired dogs typically require more intensive grooming than straight-coated breeds. Most need professional grooming every 6-8 weeks and brushing 2-3 times weekly minimum to prevent matting. The dense, textured nature of curly coats means they trap dirt, debris, and shed hair, requiring more frequent maintenance to stay healthy and comfortable.

Can I groom my curly-haired dog at home or do I need professional help?

While basic maintenance like brushing and nail trimming can be done at home, most curly breeds benefit from professional grooming for trimming and shaping. Some breeds like the Curly-Coated Retriever should never be brushed, while others require specific techniques to maintain their coat health. Professional groomers understand breed-specific requirements and can teach you proper home care techniques.

Why do some curly-haired dogs cost more to maintain than others?

Maintenance costs vary based on size, coat density, and grooming complexity. Large breeds like Standard Poodles cost more due to the time and products required, while breeds needing specialized techniques (like corded breeds) require experienced groomers who may charge premium rates. Frequency of grooming also affects costs—some breeds need monthly appointments while others can go longer between professional sessions.

How do I prevent matting in my curly-haired dog’s coat?

Prevention starts with regular brushing using proper tools—slicker brushes for surface work and wide-toothed combs to check for mats near the skin. Focus on high-mat areas like behind ears, under collars, and leg feathering. Never brush a wet coat, as this can cause breakage and worsen matting. Establish a consistent routine and address small tangles immediately before they become solid mats.

What’s the difference between wavy and curly coats in dogs?

Wavy coats have gentle curves and loose spirals, while curly coats feature tight, spring-like curls or ringlets. The difference comes from variations in the KRT71 gene—different mutations create different curl patterns. Wavy coats (like those on some Kerry Blue Terriers) often require less intensive maintenance than tightly curled coats (like Poodles), though both need regular care to prevent matting.